I... for Icarus
1979 · Henri Verneuil
Following the assassination of President Marc Jarry, a member of the investigation committee refuses to sign off on the committee's final findings.
dir. Henri Verneuil · 1979
French cinema's boldest riff on the Kennedy assassination. A president is shot during a motorcade; a commission delivers its lone-gunman verdict; one prosecutor — Yves Montand, at the height of his political-thriller gravitas after Z and State of Siege — refuses to sign, and begins pulling threads that unravel toward the state itself. Henri Verneuil, a supreme craftsman of French commercial cinema usually associated with Gabin and Belmondo vehicles, here builds a paranoid machine in the American conspiracy mode of The Parallax View, all brutalist architecture, telephoto surveillance and Ennio Morricone's needling score. Its most famous sequence abandons the plot entirely to restage the Milgram obedience experiment — volunteers administering electric shocks on an authority's instruction — a ten-minute detour that lands like a thesis on how democracies produce complicit men. A major box-office success in France, where its title became shorthand for institutional cover-up, it remains oddly little-seen in the anglophone world: a conspiracy thriller about America that Americans never made.
Lines of influence
- Z (1969) — Verneuil lifts the investigating-magistrate structure whole — an incorruptible prosecutor reconstructing an assassination witness-by-witness, using docudrama flashback montage to visualize contradictory testimony as it is spoken.
- The Parallax View (1974) — Both frame the lone investigator as a small figure crushed inside vast brutalist and modernist interiors, and stage the climactic assassination in a public arena honeycombed with sightlines and telephoto vantage points.
- Executive Action (1973) — Supplies the multiple-gunmen / crossfire reconstruction and the mock-commission report device that Icarus adopts as its entire premise — a blue-ribbon inquiry the protagonist alone refuses to sign.
- Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion (1970) — Shares the Morricone motif of obsessive institutional power set to a mocking, mechanical ostinato, and the theme of authority that manufactures its own immunity — the sonic and thematic template for the obedience material.
- The Manchurian Candidate (1962) — Origin of the psychology-experiment-as-conspiracy set piece — the clinical demonstration of manufactured obedience staged as cold theater, which Icarus reprises literally in its Milgram sequence.
- Seven Days in May (1964) — Model for the paranoid procedural in which the enemy is a shadow apparatus inside the state itself, dramatized through terse cabinet-room and corridor staging rather than action.
- The Day of the Jackal (1973) — Establishes the forensic, procedural cool — the assassination and its investigation rendered as methodical technical craft, with telephoto long-lens framing of the marksman's line of fire.
- The Conversation (1974) — Source for the surveillance grammar Icarus quotes — long-lens observation across open plazas, the watcher becoming the watched, framed against blank institutional geometry.
- All the President's Men (1976) — Parallel procedural of documentary patience — the cover-up unraveled through paperwork, phone calls and archival cross-checking, with power expressed as monumental architecture dwarfing the seeker.
- Three Days of the Condor (1975) — Same lone-man-versus-agency structure and telephoto urban surveillance, where the protagonist's competence only deepens his isolation against an institution that anticipates him.
- State of Siege (1972) — Shares Yves Montand as the grave moral center of a political thriller built from reconstructed interrogation and the anatomy of state complicity.
- Blow Out (1981) — Extends the assassination-reconstruction craft into the sound domain — a lone technician rebuilding a political killing frame-by-frame from recorded evidence, defeated by the same institutional inertia.
- JFK (1991) — Carries forward the prosecutor-versus-commission structure and the courtroom/blackboard reconstruction of crossfire trajectories, indicting an official inquiry as itself the cover-up.
- The Ghost Writer (2010) — Inherits the brutalist-architecture paranoia — a lone investigator swallowed by cold modernist interiors and windswept geometry as the conspiracy closes around him.
- Michael Clayton (2007) — Continues the institutional-complicity thriller in which the conscientious insider must decide whether to sign off, staged in glass-and-steel corporate spaces that render individual conscience minuscule.
- Experimenter (2015) — Directly dramatizes the Milgram obedience study that Icarus embedded as its central detour, formalizing the shock-generator demonstration into a full film about the mechanics of obedience to authority.
- Compliance (2012) — Extends the Milgram material into narrative form — ordinary people executing cruel orders from an unseen authority, the obedience experiment restaged as real-time thriller.