Killer of Sheep
1978 · Charles Burnett
An African-American man working at a slaughterhouse in the Watts area of Los Angeles leads a dissatisfied and listless existence.
dir. Charles Burnett · 1978
Charles Burnett shot his UCLA thesis film on weekends over a year, on 16mm, for roughly ten thousand dollars, casting friends and neighbors in Watts — and made one of the indispensable American films. Stan works the killing floor of a slaughterhouse; at home, insomnia and tenderness contend in equal measure. Nothing that could be called a plot occurs. Instead, Burnett composes an album of Black working-class life in 1970s Los Angeles — children leaping between rooftops, a car engine bought and ruined, a slow dance to Dinah Washington's 'This Bitter Earth' that is among the most piercing scenes in American cinema. The film is the cornerstone of the L.A. Rebellion, the movement of Black filmmakers who emerged from UCLA determined to picture their communities outside Hollywood's frames, and its debt to Italian neorealism is repaid with interest. Because Burnett couldn't afford the music rights, the film barely screened for nearly thirty years, entering the National Film Registry in 1990 while remaining effectively invisible until its 2007 restoration and release — a masterpiece that spent decades as a rumor.
Lines of influence
- Bicycle Thieves (1948) — The neorealist template Burnett drew on directly: casting nonprofessionals from the community and staging a survival-of-the-poor drama in real streets rather than sets.
- Umberto D. (1952) — Its patient attention to 'dead time' — the uneventful domestic rhythms of a poor household — models Burnett's plotless observation of chores, meals, and idle hours.
- La Terra Trema (1948) — Cast entirely with real local laborers playing versions of themselves inside their own environment, the exact nonprofessional-in-situ method Burnett applied to Watts residents.
- Rome, Open City (1945) — Founded the practice of shooting on scarce means in actual damaged locations with mixed nonprofessional casts, the resource-driven realism Burnett inherited on a 16mm thesis budget.
- The 400 Blows (1959) — Its roaming, humanist gaze on children left to their own devices in a hard city prefigures Burnett's tender, undramatized footage of Watts kids at play.
- Nothing But a Man (1964) — An earlier neorealist-inflected portrait of Black working-class dignity and domestic strain, the understated register Burnett extended without the melodrama.
- Bush Mama (1979) — A fellow UCLA 'LA Rebellion' film shot in Watts with nonprofessionals, sharing Burnett's location-driven, community-embedded production method.
- Bless Their Little Hearts (1984) — Burnett himself wrote and shot it, transplanting his own vignette structure, unemployment theme, and observational camera into a fellow Rebellion filmmaker's feature.
- Passing Through (1977) — A contemporaneous LA Rebellion work that, like Killer of Sheep, lets Black music (here jazz) structure and score the film rather than conventional plotting.
- Daughters of the Dust (1991) — Another UCLA-lineage film privileging lyrical, non-linear image and Black interior life over narrative causality, from the same movement's aesthetic.
- To Sleep with Anger (1990) — Burnett's own later feature carries forward his textured attention to Black domestic life and folkloric everyday detail, now with a professional cast.
- George Washington (2000) — Borrows the lyrical-observational mode of children drifting through an impoverished landscape, scored with elegiac music over plotless vignettes.
- Gummo (1997) — Adopts the fractured vignette structure — disconnected fragments of a poor community with no through-line — that Burnett used to render Watts.
- Ballast (2008) — Cast with nonprofessional Mississippi Delta residents in a muted, undramatized register, an explicit revival of Burnett's neorealist Black-poverty method.
- Chop Shop (2007) — Neorealist portrait of a child laborer shot on real streets with nonprofessionals, extending the Bicycle-Thieves-via-Burnett lineage into contemporary America.
- Moonlight (2016) — Carries Burnett's signature 'insomnia and tenderness' — quiet, lyrical attention to Black interior emotion and small gestures — into a formally composed drama.
- The Florida Project (2017) — Builds its film from vignettes of children playing amid economic precarity, using nonprofessional performers and real locations in Burnett's observational mode.