Redline
2009 · Takeshi Koike
A daredevil driver is determined to compete in Redline, the most popular race in the galaxy. The race only occurs every five years, but in order to participate he must overcome the mafia, the government and even love.
dir. Takeshi Koike · 2009
Seven years in production, more than 100,000 hand-drawn frames, and not one of them computer-generated: Takeshi Koike's debut feature is the maximalist terminal point of Japanese cel-style animation. Koike, a protégé of Yoshiaki Kawajiri at the Madhouse studio, honed his high-contrast, speed-smeared style on the Animatrix short World Record; here, with writer-producer Katsuhito Ishii, he pours it into the oldest pulp premise there is — a pompadoured daredevil, an intergalactic race, a militarized planet that wants no visitors — and detonates it. Bodies stretch like taffy, engines bloom into pure abstraction, thick black outlines throb against acid color, and James Shimoji's electro-funk score drives the whole thing like a second engine. The film flopped in Japanese theaters in 2010, then did what such objects do: became a home-video cult, and eventually a canonical one. Nothing on this scale has been hand-drawn since, and likely nothing will be — Redline is the medium showing off everything it could do, once, at full throttle.
Lines of influence
- The Animatrix: World Record (2003) — Koike's own directorial breakthrough that codified the muscular, thick-inked character designs and hand-drawn motion-smear he later scaled to feature length in Redline.
- Trava: Fist Planet (2002) — The OVA where Koike and writer Katsuhito Ishii first fused a pulp premise with retro-heavy linework, the direct prototype for Redline's exact creative team and look.
- Golgo 13: The Professional (1983) — Madhouse hardboiled pulp built on dramatic chiaroscuro and Dezaki's held 'postcard memory' freeze-frames, a device Koike quotes in Redline's frozen high-contrast hero poses.
- Space Adventure Cobra (1982) — Lurid pulp sci-fi assembled from saturated color holds and harmony-cel bravado, the comic-book showmanship Redline inherits and cranks up.
- Akira (1988) — Benchmark for exhaustively detailed cel machinery and physically weighted crash choreography that Redline's abstract machinery and pile-up action answer to.
- Ashita no Joe 2 (1980) — Harmonized-cel painterly stills and high-contrast impact frames from which Koike's thick-ink, deep-shadow drawing style descends.
- Mach GoGoGo (Speed Racer) (1967) — The ur-anime racing spectacle whose gadget-cars and race-as-narrative engine Redline pulps up into a galaxy-wide grand prix.
- Heavy Metal (1981) — Adult animated pulp anthology that welds genre trash to a driving rock/synth score, the exact sound-and-image mode Redline's electro-funk soundtrack extends.
- Dead Leaves (2004) — A maximalist cel sprint of grotesque, elastic action and pose-over-physics kinetics, a contemporary parallel to Redline's frame density.
- Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann (2007) — Escalation animation that prizes kinetic excess and heroic silhouette over plausibility, sharing Redline's maximalist cel ethos and thick graphic linework.
- Mind Game (2004) — Studio 4°C's medium-flaunting experiment where drawing style mutates shot to shot, kin to Redline's 'look what hand-drawn animation can still do' bravado.
- Promare (2019) — Carries Redline's flat high-contrast palette and maximalist action set-pieces forward into a hybrid cel/CG spectacle of racing-grade velocity.
- Kill la Kill (2013) — Trigger's smear-heavy, boldly graphic cel and explosive limited animation extend the Redline maximalist line into television.
- Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018) — Foregrounds the drawn medium via halftone dots, motion-smear and hand-stepped framerates — the same 'medium showing off' impulse that animates every Redline frame.
- Speed Racer (2008) — Live-action racing rebuilt from candy-saturated color, speed-smeared motion and stacked graphic planes, a non-anime cousin to Redline's chromatic velocity.
Appears in courses